Q. What can research using brain imaging technologies tell us about disease risk?

A. As they continue to learn more about how the healthy brain develops and which processes may contribute to specific diseases, scientists are building a more complete picture of how to detect which people are at risk of common diseases. This research also is helping to reveal biological pathways that guide thoughts and emotions and how experiences, medications, or environmental substances affect the brain. Scientists can use this information to design better screening and prevention for specific disorders and improve on the delivery and effectiveness of mental health treatments.

An injury or other medical condition can make it uncomfortable or painful for a person to hold a certain position. It is important to stay still in order to get a clear picture. Tell your doctor if you are afraid of being inside the brain-scanning machine or think you cannot stay still for any other reason. The doctor can give you a sedative to help you lie still or may suggest a different type of test entirely. Talk with your doctor to make sure you understand the possible risks and benefits before deciding to get a brain scan. In general, a person should not need more than one of the same type of brain scan. If a doctor recommends a brain scan that you’ve already done in the past, ask if you really need to get the test repeated.